How to Tell If It’s Autism or Just Sensory Processing Disorder

Key Points:

• Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) involves difficulties with processing sensory input, while autism includes broader social, communication, and behavioral challenges.
• Many autistic individuals have sensory sensitivities, but SPD can exist independently without autism.
• Understanding the differences helps parents seek the right support, including therapies like ABA for autism.

A child covering their ears at the sound of a blender, refusing certain textures of food, or becoming overwhelmed in crowded spaces—these experiences are common in both Sensory Processing Disorder vs autism. But while they share similarities, they are distinct conditions. For parents navigating these challenges, knowing the differences can guide better support and intervention strategies.

Are SPD and Autism the Same?

No. While they often overlap, SPD is primarily a sensory issue, whereas autism includes social, communication, and repetitive behavior traits.

What is Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD)?

SPD occurs when the brain struggles to interpret and respond to sensory information—such as touch, sound, or movement—in a typical way. Some children may be hypersensitive (over-responsive), while others may be hyposensitive (under-responsive). For example, a child with SPD might:

• Avoid certain clothing textures or loud noises.
• Seek out intense sensory input, like spinning or crashing into things.
• Struggle with fine motor tasks due to poor body awareness.

Unlike autism, SPD does not inherently involve social or communication difficulties. However, sensory challenges can still impact daily life, making routines, school, and play more difficult.

What is Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?

While SPD focuses on sensory issues, autism encompasses a wider range of characteristics. Let’s break down the key features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

• Social communication differences (e.g., difficulty with eye contact, understanding nonverbal cues).
• Repetitive behaviors (e.g., hand-flapping, strict routines).
• Sensory sensitivities (similar to SPD but within a broader diagnostic framework).

While not every autistic person has SPD, most experience some degree of sensory processing differences. These can affect their comfort in environments like classrooms, stores, or social gatherings.

3 Key Differences Between SPD and Autism

Now that we’ve defined both conditions, how do they compare? Here’s a breakdown of their key differences.

1. Core Symptoms

SPD: Primarily affects sensory processing (e.g., touch, sound, movement).

Autism: Includes social, communication, and behavioral differences alongside sensory issues.

2. Diagnosis

SPD: Not officially a standalone diagnosis in the DSM-5, but recognized by many clinicians.

Autism: A formal diagnosis with specific criteria in the DSM-5.

3. Treatment Approaches

SPD: Often managed with occupational therapy (OT) focusing on sensory integration.

Autism: May include ABA therapy, speech therapy, and OT, depending on individual needs.

How to Identify SPD vs. Autism in Children

Since these conditions often overlap, parents may wonder how to distinguish between them. While certain behaviors can provide clues, only trained professionals can provide an accurate diagnosis through comprehensive assessments.

Diagnosing Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD)

SPD is typically identified by occupational therapists (OTs) through:

• Clinical observations of sensory reactions (e.g., distress with certain textures or sounds).
• Standardized questionnaires (e.g., Sensory Profile) completed by parents and teachers.
• Functional assessments to evaluate how sensory challenges impact daily life.

Since SPD is not a standalone diagnosis in the DSM-5, clinicians often classify it under "Other Specified Neurodevelopmental Disorder" while still providing targeted therapy.

Diagnosing Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Autism is diagnosed by developmental pediatricians, psychologists, or neurologists using:

• Behavioral evaluations (e.g., ADOS-2, M-CHAT) assessing social communication and repetitive behaviors.
• Developmental history from parents regarding early milestones and behaviors.
• Rule-out testing to exclude other conditions (e.g., hearing loss, ADHD).

If you suspect either condition, seek an evaluation. Early diagnosis leads to better-targeted support, whether through occupational therapy for SPD or ABA therapy for autism. Tools like sensory aids can also play a role in daily support—check out 5 Best Fidget Toys for Autism and ADHD to explore helpful options.

Support and Therapies for SPD and Autism

After receiving a diagnosis, parents often wonder: What interventions will help my child thrive? The good news is that both Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have well-established, evidence-based therapies tailored to their unique needs.

If you're unsure which therapies are right for your child, consult a developmental specialist who can recommend a tailored plan. Early intervention often leads to the most significant progress.

How ABA Therapy Can Support Sensory and Behavioral Needs

While SPD and autism require different approaches, ABA therapy can be particularly helpful for autistic children with sensory challenges.

Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) is a structured, evidence-based therapy that helps autistic children develop essential life skills. For those with sensory sensitivities, ABA can:

• Teach coping strategies for overwhelming environments.
• Reinforce positive behaviors while reducing challenging ones.
• Improve communication to express sensory discomfort.

Discover How ABA Therapy Can Help Your Child Thrive

If your child struggles with sensory challenges or autism, Aluma Care’s ABA therapy in Virginia, Kansas, and New Hampshire can provide the right support. Our expert team creates individualized plans to foster growth and independence. Contact us today to learn how we can help your family navigate these challenges with confidence.